Nuclear Accident Chernobyl

Chernobyl, Ukraine, Soviet Union




26 April 1986
31 People Killed (Initially)
335,000 people were evacuated

Reactor design from the point of security is bad, and difficult to operate. Both of these cause a dangerous operation.
- Atomic Energy Agency report in 1996 "Chernobyl Ten Years On"

A nuclear accident anywhere is a nuclear accident everywhere.
- From the 2001 NEA report, "Facts, Thoughts and Lesson from Chernobyl Accident."


Relentlessly


Between 1990 and 1998, has been diagnosed cases as many as 1791 cases of mumps in children of Ukraine, who lived in the area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power plant. The experts have connected all of these cancers with the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Expected to be found more and more cases.


Defects in design

Chernobyl nuclear power plant using a nuclear reactor known as the RBMK-1000, built and designed by the Soviets, and then until now not used anywhere in the world.
RMBK-1000 using graphite blocks instead of chilled water. This was developed for two reasons: to generate electricity, and also provide the level of weapons-grade plutonium for the Soviet Union consistently is one of the side products graphite system. During the cold war, the Soviet Union was determined to produce weapons of eg, the equivalent of a nuclear weapons program the United States. With plutonium supply continuously and reliable then the Soviet Union could continue to expand their nuclear weapons, and simultaneously provide electricity for their country.
However, problems with RBMK-1000, as stated in the report "Chernobyl Ten Years On," is that this design is very dangerous, and has no tolerance for operator error, also does not have an operational routine for installed security error. In short, the type of reactor cooling water losing, then the reactor was started to reduce the cleavage rate (energy production), this by itself trying to reduce the heat loss caused by cooling. In the RBMK-1000, if the system loses cooling water, it will trigger more rapid cleavage, and the core becomes hotter. This is really contrary to the ideal response to the reduction of cooling water, and many countries trying to convince the Soviet Union that could be said to play with fire (nuclear). It is clear that the Soviets were willing to take risks in order to obtain plutonium.
In addition to the risks inherent in the way of energy production in RBMK-1000 design, other issues on the reactor dome is the lack of shelter. All the reactors the United States has a steel concrete storage vault, which will prevent radioactive leakage into the atmosphere during nuclear accidents. The Soviet people have also been warned about this, but they chose not to do anything.
On 26 April 1985, at 1:24 AM, 4 units of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded. Happens twice a huge explosion in three seconds. Which has undermined the roof of the building. Radioactive gas, collapsed buildings, large material from the reactor building, has been thrown into the air as high as two-thirds of a mile (1 km). cut pieces of reactor fuel into a hot flying through the air and fell within a range of nearly reached a mile (1.6 km) away, lit a radioactive fire that lit the area.
Two workers were killed instantly, and twenty-nine people wallow, in the radiation so high that they could say from that moment been killed, although most of them are still alive for several weeks in the hospital, and suffering the final stages of extreme radiation poisoning it. Hundreds of thousands of people were evacuated from the towns around it, countless animals are destroyed to avoid swallowing the meat that had been exposed to toxic radiation, and many European countries refuse shipment of rice from any area that is close to the Ukraine, asking the residents to wash all fruits and vegetables, although they are natives of their own country.
Chernobyl accident occurred because some workers tried to experiment and not officially low power, which includes the lethal action of emergency cooling system. By the time everyone realizes that the core becomes too hot, it was too late to reverse this process (they are not careful with letting the hot channel bend where fragments of fuel should be in there), the next thing they know is that the roof has flying, two people were killed, and a cloud of lethal gas had spread throughout the region.
Radioactivity from the Chernobyl explosion was detected until the end to the United States. Soviet leaders did not say a word about the explosion until two days later, on April 28th, when Swedish scientists reported an increase in atmospheric radioactive their own country, then tracked back to Chernobyl. Even after telling what had happened, the Soviet people did not have a way to respond to such a monumental disaster.

Chernobyl reactor finally put into a concrete structure, known as the sarcophagus. More than six hundred thousand workers, known as the "liquidator" working to clean the reactor and the construction of the sarcophagus. Cement layer of poorly built, and began to leak radiation several years after construction is completed. The more work done to ensure robustness it, but its safety is still questionable.

Chernobyl nuclear accident was the worst nuclear accident ever. The accident occurred shortly after the Three Mile Island accident, this only reinforced antinuclear movement, and has inspired many countries to create a new security regulations for the construction and operation of nuclear power plants are new.
As a long-term health effects, the spread of radiation from Chernobyl is estimated to result in hundreds of thousands of new cancer cases, and tens of thousands of them will end in death.
NEA report summarizes the impact of Chernobyl accident in the initial report in 2001:

The history of modern industry the world has been acting up time is affected by the disaster of equal or even more severe compared Chernobyl accident. However, this accident has a significant impact on human society. This not only causes severe health consequences, but also cause economic damage to industry and short-term and long-term consequences in terms of socio-economic turmoil, psychological distress, and destruction of nuclear energy picture. This is expected to last for a long time.

Fifteen years after the Chernobyl accident, the international community and trying to learn information to generalize this to the cases of smaller accidents. Hopefully, these lessons do not need to happen again in the incident with the size and scale of Chernobyl.*


* "Chernobyl Ten Years On." Nuclear Energy Agency, 1996.

This Five Facts Concerning The Human Body

The human body was created by God with all the advantages. A recent study in Brisbane, Australia, shows there are five facts about the human body. These facts may not yet well known. These five facts are:

1. The Human Body Can Produce Aspirin

Eat fruits and vegetables can make the human body to produce aspirin. This fact was discovered through a journal of food and vegetables. In fruits are benzoic acid, a natural substance that can produce salicylic acid which acts as immunity and painkiller.

2. Sleep Day At Work Good for the Body

Take a nap for 20 minutes can double the brain, improving mood, and creativity. William Anthony, an author of the book, The Art of napping at Work, says napping can help work your heart and refresh tired minds at work.


3. Ejaculation Can Make Men Sneeze

Some events such as headache or sneezing is the result of ejaculation. Thus any activity that increases with anxiety can spur the emergence of a headache. Sneezing is also influenced by the workings of the brain that are not stable. All the outdoor activities are also potentially create a human virus.

4. Everybody Has a Unique Tongue Prints

Like fingers, the tongue is a unique organ. The tongue can be changed when the mouth is moved. However, every human being has a unique tongue print. The tongue also indicates a satisfying and tastes.

5. Body Higher Than in the Morning Day Evening

The size of the human body can be changed but not stable. If you exercise, like playing basketball in the morning, then the height can be increased even in a moment. And at night, keep your height in normal circumstances.

Believe it or not? Can you prove yourself.

YOUR LIFE IS NOT A GAME

YOUR LIFE IS NOT A GAME

EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON RESULTING BODY ORGANS

BRAIN AND IF WE SPEND WITHOUT DRUGS
The entry of drugs will affect vital functions of body organs, namely the heart, circulatory, respiratory, and especially in the brain (central nervous system). This can cause the brain to change (can be increased or decreased)
Drugs which would be swallowed into the stomach and then into the blood vessels. If inhaled, the substance is absorbed into the blood vessels through the nasal tract and lungs. Meanwhile, if entered through the body through injection, the substance directly into the bloodstream, the blood then take it to the brain substance.
Drug effect on the brain responsible for feelings of life, which is called the limbus system. Pleasure center in the brain (hypothalamus) is part of the system limbus. Drugs lead to feelings of 'high' by changing the biochemical composition of molecules on brain cells called Nero-transmitter.

Myth: "If it feels good, do it!"

Approximately rough language that the brain when working. Our brains are equipped with tools to strengthen a sense of pleasure and avoid pain or uncomfortable. This helps us meet basic human needs such as hunger, thirst, warmth, and sleep. This mechanism called self-defense mechanism.
If it feels good to remove a brain Neuro-transmitters that convey the message: "This substance is useful for the body's defense mechanisms. So, repeat usage! "
If taking drugs, the brain to read our response. We'll feel good as if our needs such as hunger had been satisfied. Recording brain as something that should be sought as a priority.
The reality: As a result, the brain makes the wrong programs, like learning brain cells in the pleasure centers as if we do need drugs as a defense mechanism. Then there was addictive!
Drug abuse (use outside of medical purposes, and just to enjoy the effects) if followed continuously will cause dependency. After that will cause problems both physical and spiritual health. Will further the cause of death in vain. Futile if not dead just because drugs?!

Natural cruelty unspeakable

From "London Telegraph"

February 13, 2002

Millions of butterflies killed by a strange storm
by Ronald Buchanan, Mexico City


Scientists yesterday reported that hundreds of millions of monarch butterflies have died in a bizarre snowstorm in the mountains of Mexico, where these butterflies stay here every winter, after flying as far as 3000 miles (4800 km).
The U.S. and Mexican researchers estimate that as many as 270 million butterflies tails helpless polluted soil, after a storm last month in the pine forest, west of Mexico City.
"I've never seen anything like this," he said. Lincoln Brower, an American zoologist who has been monitoring this migration for 25 years.
Annual flight of this butterfly from the east, the direction Canada is far away, has been regarded as one of the great migrations in the animal world.
They descended into the forest in the form of large orange cloud every November.
Since their arrival coincided with the Feast of the Dead in Mexico, so many villagers who believed that these butterflies represent the spirits of their ancestors.

ATTITUDE AND DRUG USER BEHAVIOR

AT HOME
A drug user will demonstrate attitudes and habits that differ from the usual. Eg
Change attitudes
Often lie Frequently expressed reasons for its actions
Often offended and quick to anger
Against parents
Indifferent to the environment
Do not want to care for family rules
Began to forget the routine responsibilities at home
Lazy grooming
Change habits
Hard up in the morning
Often alone and linger in room
Often go home after midnight
Often go to discos, malls, or partying
Often stay at home friends
Often carry eye drops
Often eating gum or menthol to eliminate bad breath
Stealing money and goods in their own homes
Perhaps frequent coughing prolonged
Listening to loud music
Nice to wear dark glasses
Does not allow parents in their room
In his room, candles or air freshener
Rooms should not be examined or always locked
The more often follow family activities
Changing friends and rarely want to introduce friends to family

SCHOOL
The signs that we notice the bias of a drug user in the school environment is as follows:
Change attitudes and behavior
Lie
Easy offended and irritable at school
Slow to respond forgetful, apathetic or indifferent
Increased behavior problems
Attention to the environment there is no
Often sleepy during school hours last
Achievement in school sudden drastic decrease
Decrease in short-term memory, and attention span concentrate
Loss of motivation, interest, effort, participation in school activities
Complained that the family considered too disciplined at home
Lack of participation in school and extracurricular activities
Tends to ignore the rules

Change habits
Occasionally found in a drunken state, talking lisp and stagger
Often late to class after recess
Leaving hobby-old hobby
Started hanging out with kids is something wrong at school
Often borrow money at a friend
Changing styles of dress and do not care about cleanliness
Old friends abandoned
Often late to school on the grounds late getting out of bed
Often do not pay tuition fees (reported missing)

Consider whether the symptoms were only seen occasionally, a few days, or all the time. If it's every day so that means he's never been caught in drugs.

THINGS OR THINGS THAT USUALLY FOUND AROUND THE USER
The smell of marijuana (like burnt rope) in room or on clothing
Incense, incense, or the room smell remover
Eye drops, mouthwashes
Marijuana cigarettes (rolled and twisted or rolled)
Powder, seeds or seeds, leaves, plants, fungi
Paper or tablet
Capstan cigarette paper
Pipe, filter pipe, screen, sieve
Grappling hook to hold the tip from the bondage of marijuana
Water pipe "bongs" (usually glass or plastic)
Small spoons, straws, razor, mirror (for use with heroin or cocaine)
Bottles, boxes, cans or who do not normally or locked boxes
Plastic bag or small glass bottle
Books related to psychoactive substances pamphlets or brochures.

How do the effects and signs of people who take drugs?

Anyone can be infected with a drug, maybe a friend or even our closest relatives. So that you easily understand the effects of drug use will be seen by type

NARCOTICS
Effects of heroin
* Causing drowsiness, listless, dull appearance, the way floating and feeling 'pleased' excessive
* Symptoms of substance is not broken physically threatened her, but psychic discomfort of abdominal muscle cramps, bone pain, flu-like symptoms.
* The health problems of swelling in the injected area, tetanus, HIV / AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, heart problems, chest and lungs, and difficult defecation. In women disrupt the menstrual cycle.
Effects of marijuana
* Reduce motor skills, confusion, loss of concentration, decreased motivation, increased appetite, feeling 'happy' excessive.
* Complications of respiratory health in the region, circulatory system and cancer

PSYCHOTROPIC
Tranquilizers
Talk so lisp, reducing the physical response, mental and emotional. In high doses will make the user to sleep, then will lead to feelings of anxiety, sensitive and angry.
The use of alcohol will mix with the deadly impact
Substance withdrawal symptoms are long and serious
Ecstasy
Increased heart rate and blood pressure, a sense of 'happy' excessive, loss of confidence.
After the above effect, it usually will happen feeling tired, anxiety and depression that can last a few days.
Reported deaths occurred due to unbalance in the body fluids, either because of dehydration or is too much fluid.
Cause permanent brain damage
Methamphetamine
Floating feeling while gradually cause tremendous anxiety
Excessive activity accelerated body. The use of the old will destroy the body, even death by overdose.

Other addictive substances
Alcohol
Slowing the work of the central nervous system, slowing the motor reflexes, respiratory pressure, heart rate and interfere with reasoning & assessment.
Cause violent behavior, increasing the risk of traffic accidents.
Substance withdrawal symptoms ranging from loss of appetite, sensitive, can not sleep, muscle spasms, hallucinations and even death.
Volatile substances (glue Aica Aibon, paint thinner, gasoline, lighter)
Slowing down the brain and central nervous system
Cause feelings of 'love' excessive, dizziness, decreased consciousness, visual impairment and lisp
Medical problems, especially brain damage, liver, kidneys and lungs
Deaths arising from cessation of respiratory and cardiac disorders.
Substances that cause hallucinations (mushrooms, dung cow / buffalo, amethyst)
Working on the central nervous system to confuse emotion and user awareness
Feelings of 'peace', piker pattern changes, loss of orientation and depression
Because bias hallucinations caused the accident.

Dog Genetics

A dog who has a genetic disorder that is very rare, so rare it sampai2 discussed in the New York Times. Because of a genetic disorder that was the dog became rich Incredible Hulk. Weighs 27 pounds, this dog has great muscles. Never mind the six-pack, he has a 24-pack stomach!



We have these dogs become part of the genetic studies in the United States, to study the mutations in the myostatin gene dogs whippet (a type of greyhounds from England, bred for racing dogs). The modified gene can produce offspring more muscular reply that could run fast to 60 kmph.

In fact, this dog had feared ga segalak by orang2, he was pleased caressed, and ga malu2 to sit on your lap and ask dipunggungnya caressed. Unfortunately these dogs may live longer because ga weight twice like dogs, but with the size of the head, lungs and heart are the same, organ2 body must work 2-fold